"I hear voices at night, and sometimes I think someone's outside my window," the 19-year-old young man informed me. "I know no one's really there, but it's still scary."
In my practice in the past six months,
no less than 5 youths have reported psychotic symptoms that were attributed to, or exacerbated by, electronic screens. As per my protocol, I always get an "e-screen" history:
- video games
- computer/internet use
- cell phone use (talking, texting, streaming, and internet).
Not surprisingly,
all five of these patients, ranging from 15-22 years old, were "plugged in" for six or more hours each day. Three were female and two male. After discussing e-screen's toxic influence on the brain,
I recommended to each of these patients that they forego all electronic screens for at least four weeks.
Results? The three females all went cold turkey and gave up their games, laptops, and phones. All three saw their symptoms resolve completely within a month. Of the two males, one cut down screen use significantly and his hallucinations disappeared. His paranoia remained but was less severe and caused less dysfunction. The other male turned out to be severely addicted to electronic games and refused to give up video games and computers (a subject for another article entirely! Needless to say, unfortunately he continues to suffer from psychosis). Importantly, the therapeutic effects were achieved without using medication!
Electronic screens, particularly interactive ones (as opposed to passive ones, like television), increase
dopamine in the brain. This effect has been demonstrated by brain scan (Koepp, 1998). This neurotransmitter is a chemical signaler in the brain's reward system, and
its release is why games can be so addicting.
Perhaps more disturbing, dopamine excess in certain parts of the brain can lead to psychotic symptoms-voices, delusions, paranoia, or confusion.
Psychosis is defined by abnormal thoughts. This can involve thought content, such as hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia, or thought process (highly disorganized thinking, or feeling thoughts are "blocked"). It is typically attributed to the severely mentally ill, like schizophrenics, but can also be seen in "normal" people under extreme stress.
Children in particular are more likely to hallucinate when traumatized, sleep-deprived, or over-stimulated. E-screens cause or mimic all three of these!
Take home point: Children, teens, and young adults who have unexplained hallucinations or delusions should have ALL electronic screens removed for at least 3 weeks, as part of the diagnostic process. This includes cell phones, as cell phone texting and internet use can quickly rack up hours, and most teens cannot control their usage. While this may seem extreme, drastic times cause for drastic measures. Psychosis--and treatment thereof--is serious and has long-lasting effects.
As psychiatric disorders in young people continue to explode, and evidence mounts about the toxic effects of e-screens on the developing brain, parents and clinicians would be prudent to remove this offending environmental trigger from the child's life, as part of the diagnostic process, and as one "arm" of the treatment plan.
When you start to feel conflicted about removing screens-they are so ingrained in our lives, after all-this is what I tell my patients and their parents:
"You will never regret removing video games and computer use, but you may sorely regret leaving them in place."
Victoria L Dunckley, M.D.
